za and tap Login or Sign Up. Enjoy the quick, easy and conveneint transfers. can i shut it off or transfer my number and minutes from my stolen phone to another straight talk;L. Key in *156# as your USSD code: Tap the call button. Get it delivered straight to your door or pick it up in-store with Click & Collect, we offer convenience. Ackermans account holders WhatsApp number: 0860 900 100; Pep account holders WhatsApp number: 0860 737 000; Vacancies; Credit Facility Terms & Conditions; We. Replace "PIN" with the 16-digit PIN of your airtime voucher. Follow prompts to access the much-needed details free of charge. The cost for Accutane oral capsule 20 mg is around $186 for a supply of 30 capsules, depending on the. Can I pay DStv with my Ackermans card? Here are the types of bills you can pay at Ackermans: Ackermans, Refinery, ShoeCity, and Dunns, all Pepkor companies, are among the stores that accept the Tekkie Town Account. Cashless transactions are quick – Get immediate payment in Digital Rand vouchers in your kasiCASH account and enjoy a safe and easy way to transact using your mobile phone. The voucher works similarly to an airtime voucher where you purchase your desired value, top up your account and the full balance is available for you to use at. Any orders placed through this store will not be honored or fulfilled. Kindly tap “ Mobile Top Up . PEP & Ackermans stores: Set denominations from R20-R200. The data to download our free App will cost you no more than 84 cents (based on in-bundle rates). *132#. Keystone Bank mobile banking platform has made mobile banking easier – the mobile recharge codes above are relevant only to those that wants to load money from their Keystone Bank. That’s just simply how you change the last and four digits of the free. Choose transfer airtime: Once the code is processed, a popup will appear with. Make a deposit using 11660 + Your SmartLoad Number as reference. 10. *135*55*1#. Enter your EE voucher code and apply it to your purchase. 00 Airtime vouchers and/or; 3600 x R50. Enter your voucher number where it says “Top Up Voucher”. 30, 2023. You can also buy airtime and data on account and take out Mr Price Insurance products all conveniently billed to your. ≈Hotspot only available if current service is with an active $40 Unlimited Talk and Text plan. e. 189189. With more than 2 570 PEP, PEP HOME and PEP CELL stores, PEP is the biggest single-brand retailer in Africa. Transfers can also be scheduled for up to 30 days from the date of the request. Choose your payment method and follow the prompts thereafter. Confirmation of voucher redemption will be displayed underneath the content block. Enter the amount you want to send and. (1) Generally speaking, we assume people are honest unless they *obviously* didn't write the code or don't understand it. Simply expand your wallet on the VodaPay app to either a Lite, Essential or Pro Wallet. Get more buying power – apply for a credit limit increase to purchase your necessities. Notice the Number of Views at 0, your goal is simply to take the number from 0 to 50 (current tagert). Please be careful as all the codes needs to be together, there should not be any space in. With the new law on data and airtime expiration, most MTN Ghana data bundles now go without expiry, meaning easy rollover. Dial *252#. Shop Home. To get started, download the Flash app and purchase a 1Voucher from any Shoprite, USave, Checkers, Pep, Ackermans. Thanks to the new law on data and airtime expiration, most of MTN’s data plans go without expiry and that means you can roll over. Hollywood Bet Free Voucher Code. 6. const AfricasTalking = require ('africastalking') (credentials); To specify the specific product to be used (in this case airtime) the code snippet is as shown: airtime = africastalking. We are often reminded that if you want to get out of your current situation, you have to step out of your parameters. November 14, 2022 by ASK SOUTH AFRICA. 15% Off 1st Order With Ackermans Discount Codes. . Only two. When the transfer has been completed, you will receive a message informing you that the transfer was successful. Save on cell phones with Tracfone coupons and deals. Free Sample On Ackermans Purchase + 50% Off. Besides checking your prepaid airtime balance on your phone, what else do you use USSD for? (USSD allows you to request information in short codes (starting. 2007, formerly known as Nivo Shopping). Rearrange and rotate pages, add and edit text, and use additional tools. Online Coupon. The hours of operation for the customer support team at Hollywood Casino are Monday to Friday 9 am – 5 pm EST. Furniture. Geisha Airtime Codes: The fundamental element required for redemption is the Geisha Airtime code itself. When making a payment, you will need to provide your DStv Customer Number as your reference, as well as the code 11374 before your customer number. In summary, below are the codes to buy airtime from your Bank with MTN: Access Bank Plc – *901*Amount# (₦5,000 limit daily) First City Monument Bank (FCMB) – *329*Amount# (₦5,000 daily) First Bank Of Nigeria – *894*Amount# (Daily limit of ₦3,000) Guaranteed Trust Bank (GTB) – *737*Amount# (₦. Use the Cell C WhatsApp bot to buy data, airtime, check your balance, or manage your account. In 1840 there. Step 4: Enter your unique PIN in the required section. Ackermans now offers you more ways to get your hands on your favourite items, simple and fast. Ways to Shop. Enter your mobile phone number when prompted. Desktop: Sign Up or Log In to your Hollywoodbets account. The proven 6 ways to recharge and load Telkom airtime on your phone are: 1. . *123*recharge-code# – Airtime topup *140# – Call me back *141. Bed & Bath. To transfer money from UBA to other banks using the UBA USSD code, simply dial *919*4*account number*amount#, select the bank, and enter your PIN to authorize the transfer. ; Best of all, you don’t even need airtime or data to access your kasiCASH account and transact. SHOPRITE/Checkers/USave stores: Any amount between R5. Save BIG w/ (10) AirTime verified discount codes & storewide coupon codes. Click on the voucher type and tap the button to deposit now. The latest. You can share airtime with friends and families on CellC. Make a purchase of an AirTime voucher. Pronunciation of ackerman with 3 audio pronunciations. 021 900 1111 . myAirtime. When you complete a survey you earn points which can be redeemed as cash, data, airtime or shopping vouchers Help government, brands and NGOs take well-founded decisions in Africa. g if you want to send N1000 to 3104567890 (UBA account. Note that each SMS will cost a maximum. CamCodes is a mobile application that will help you to easy dial a USSD code from any network operator in Cameroon (MTN, Orange, Nexttel, Camtel). +27860018555. -Wait untill the airtime code is scanned. Get 2 Ackerman Coupon Code at CouponBirds. Take for instance: You wish to send N150 airtime to 09012345678 and your Transfer PIN is 6789. On this same page, locate the "Enter your code here" box at the bottom of the page. So, if your DStv Customer Number is 12345678, when paying, the reference number will be. 021 900 1111 . Enter the betway voucher code from AirTime and submit it. Step 3. 9. Alert. To sambaza credit on Safaricom, you should: Go to Safaricom Menu. While shopping, you can pay your account at any PEP, Pick 'n Pay, Shoprite, Spar or Ackermans nationwide. Select the SIM in question in case you are using a dual SIM gadget. Every month, we’ll send you a statement that breaks down everything about your account. Get it delivered straight to your door or pick it up in-store with Click & Collect, we offer convenience. When this happens, it's usually because the owner only shared it with a small group of people, changed who can see it or it's been deleted. S. Tracfone is known for its simple minutes and money equating; Net10 usage always costs. All you have to do is dial *120*27587#, then select either 1 for limit increase or 2 for balance enquiry. TracFone provides take Up To 15% Off on Orders $250+ Phone + Plan Order in November. Once used the voucher will no longer have any credit on it, much like buying an airtime voucher. Enter the desired amount you want to spend. Stores. e. Then, tap Deposit Funds and select the Credit and Debit Card option. The transfer is successful. Safaricom USSD Codes: List of Safaricom Short Codes. 30 used. This is a demo store. We cater from cute, safe quality products, to elegant and sporty styles and the latest trends in fashion. Nov 13, 2023 11:41 pm EST. 1Voucher is now available at all Ackerman stores nationwide. Try Tap on Phone . Use your smartphone to buy, when you forget your card; Change your personal information; Check your available balance, instalment amount and due date,. 10% Off. Click Add Voucher. ”. This year's Black Friday deals at Ackermans will be available on the 25th of November, 2022. From purchases and payments to balances and the amount due. This is the code to check your Airtel data plan’s validity. Only two. Again, after you’ve entered the Airtime voucher code, click “Submit. Retail & Wholesale. The punter then has to log into his betting account and redeem that voucher by entering the code on the voucher and the account will be credited with the equivalent. Here is a list of ALL the USSD codes in Zimbabwe. You can transfer airtime from Airtel to Airtel by dialing *321* [Recipient’s Airtel Number]*Amount#, then enter your transfer PIN and press OK. The official Ackermans WhatsApp number is 0860 900 100. zaFacebookUSSD Code for Loans in Nigeria. Deposits can be by cash, credit card, and debit card. Tigo Phones : Recharge your airtime account by entering *842*airtime code#. Some USSD Codes for loans in Nigeria are: Banks. 50KLIKESTHANKYOU —Redeem for Cash and Keys. Ackermans, Boxer Superstores, Pick n Pay, Shoprite, Checkers and Pep Stores. 4 answers. Save $15 on Your First Order Using Meijer Promo Code: Code: 11/24/2023: Enjoy Cookies for Up to 25% Off: Deal: Save 15% on Fruits Collection: Deal: Buy 1 Get 1 50% Off Select Items at Meijer: Deal: Purchase New Books as Low as $5: DealBorrow airtime if your SIM is Airtel *589# Borrow data if your SIM is Tigo *554# Borrow data if your SIM is Airtel: STOP to 6060: unsubscribe from a Caller Ring Back Tone (CRBT) *567# AirtelTigo Fuse bundles *100# Manage paid subscriptions: 02xxxxxxxx Simbox to 419: Report SIM-Box fraud *400#We allow you to scan QR codes through your device's camera; We allow you to access your gallery and upload an image from your storage. The Gtb USSD code to buy airtime for yourself (SIM linked with your Gt Bank account) is *737*amount#. 3) Provide proof of income and identity. Expires: Nov 15, 2023. Vodafone bonus card plan - regarding? How to deactivate bonus card 35 from vodafone? Free tracfone airtime codes 2015 no purchase. Halloween Sale. Ackermans Store Locator; Pep Stores. I'm complaining about the treatment u give to me I've paid my installment for my account but still I received intimidating message. The Ackermans account has a R9. Use your card at Ackermans, Shoe City, Refinery and Dunns stores. This reference changes each time you create a. On the main menu of the game, click the Twitter icon in the bottom left (that's the blue bird) Enter the code into the box and hit Enter. Can also call 188. Send Transfer [space]Recipient’s Number [space]Airtime Amount [space]Transfer PIN to 321. 2. Pep stores are one of the best places to buy vouchers as they have so many different branches located through out South Africa. Enter the betway voucher code from AirTime and submit it. Capitol. The Telkom recharge code to load airtime is *188*, followed by the voucher. $egingroup$ I appreciate your concerns, but I wouldn't worry. It doesn’t end there actually. Need help? Game SouthAfrica - Credit Services. AirTime Black Friday Deals. Shop Sport. Making a deposit using a voucher is pretty simple, the punter simply needs to buy a voucher at any place where these vouchers are sold where he will be given a receipt with a code. To buy airtime for other numbers/sims, dial *909*Amount*Phone Number#. FNB: First National Bank Account Name: FLASH Mobile Vending (PTY) LTD Account Number: 62544397492 Branch Code: 250655 Use your Flash number as the reference number . -After scan, you can either save the code, recharge the code or share the code. Ringas is an exciting and unique prepaid airtime voucher. Get Code. 9mobile Airtime Recharge Card Code. $30 Off AirTime COUPON CODE: (1 ACTIVE) Nov 2023 Save up to $30 off at AirTime. 3 For 2 - Selected Tasty Treats. In 2015 Ackermans was rated the second best clothing store by the South African. New Customers. Ackermans No. 64. Under the “Deals” tab, you will find discounts on popular phones that everyone loves. Digital leaflets. We apologize, but we cannot process your transaction at this time. Use WhatsApp. Holly Top Up vouchers can be used to credit a mobile account for the purpose of online or mobile betting. And that's it! A world of online shopping, paying your bills, purchasing prepaid electricity and more awaits you. Makro. Confirm your mobile phone number. 1-10 of 11 Answers. *737*1000*08023456789#) For Self & third (3rd) Party Data Top-up Simply dial *737*4# on your phone and follow the on-screen prompt. When you join AfriSight, you will be asked your opinion and insight on: Products & Brands; Markets & Companies; Health & Wellness. Ackermans currently employs approximately 3,622 people. ACKERMANS WEBSITE. Account Balance: *310# By dialing this code, customers can easily check their account balance, ensuring they stay informed about their airtime and data balances. Selected Mens Shirts Now R130. co. PAY ATTENTION: Join Legit. 4 Produksie St, Kuilsriver Industrial Cape Town 7580. Enter the Rand value of the airtime you want to buy. Hollywood Bet Free Voucher Code. Access Bank Airtime recharge code. *389*755#. 134 + 9 digits of the number you are calling. Buy an OTT Voucher that works just like an airtime voucher to securely pay and top up online. This USSD code allows users to share airtime or data with friends, family, or colleagues seamlessly. The default Glo PIN code is 00000 for all subscribers. . Visit the betway’s website and log in to your account. 1 for Value. 15%. Traditionally, they were a bloodline of warriors that protected Eldia's king, but were persecuted to the brink of extinction after refusing to follow Karl Fritz's ideology. The Access Bank USSD code to buy airtime for yourself (SIM linked with your Access Bank account) is *901*amount#. You can also. The Ackerman family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. Open your phone dialer and Dial code *671# on your MTN SIM. This is a demo store. g *500*25# to borrow N25 or dial *500# and follow the prompts. Cell c new tricks to get free airtime Real airtime pin generator cellc Secret codes for free cell c airtime in south africa Cell c co za emergencyairtime Community Experts online right now. ACKERMANS. The easiest and most convenient way to check your Capitec bank balance without airtime is by using the bank's USSD code. How do I pay with Capitec cellphone banking? Dial *120*3279# to do credit facility transfers, view your available account balances, buy airtime or electricity, transfer money between your accounts and. Ackerman is also located in the Central (GMT -06:00) timezone and the current local time is shown above. All Apple Alcatel Blu Huawei LG Motorola Nokia Orbic Samsung TCL Unimax ZTE General Support Alcatel MyFlip Code: ALA405DL ALCATEL MYFLIP 2 Code: ALA406DL Alcatel Onetouch® Pixi Charm LTE™ Code: ALA450TL Alcatel Onetouch® Pixi Pulsar™ Code: ALA460G Alcatel Onetouch® Pixi Eclipse™ Code: ALA462C Alcatel Onetouch® Pixi. Enter your voucher code and press "apply" 3. Ackermans, Refinery, ShoeCity, and Dunns, all Pepkor companies, are among the stores that accept the Tekkie Town Account. Purchase can be done on the following networks: Telkom, Vodacom, MTN and Cell C. Dial the speed code *170#Reply with 7 to access mobile your money wallet. How to add minutes with airtime card for tracfone airtime when i cant read the 15diget code i scratched off? I have a tracfone minute phone . Code: ALA501DL. 5:28p Barron's Cisco Stock Tumbles on Weak Outlook ; 5:28p New York sues PepsiCo over plastic bottles and wrappers that pollute clean waterOnly 10% Deposit Payed Within 3 Months. You can also SMS your card number to 45090 to find out what your credit available, credit limit, balance and total payment due are. You can also SMS your card number to 45090 to find out what your credit available, credit limit, balance and total payment due are. *134*xxx xxx xxxx#. Step 2: Dial the CODE. Selected Boys 1. Hi, Lindokuhle, unfortunately, airtime may not be converted to any voucher rather than data bundles. Pep Home, Pep Cell, Shoprite, Checkers, USave, Deals, Ackermans, OK, House & Home, Tyme Bank. To buy it, please follow the procedures below: Open your dialer menu on your phone. To receive your statement via email, call 0860 11 24 42. Ackermans has officially made tech products such as smartphones and tablets available to purchase online with the launch of the Ackermans Connect online store. *134*PIN#. Should have minutes added usually less than 5 minutes. g MTN, Glo, Airtel, 9mobile, etc. Where to buy. Flash Traders offer prepaid electricity priced per kilowatt hour (kWh), eeziPower, and […] Flash Traders offer prepaid water payments for almost all South African municipalities. R5 airtime for each purchase worth R500, and R10 for each purchase worth R1000. New MTN USSD Codes. You will be asked to type the M-Pesa transaction code. Stanbic USSD Code for Buying Airtime. Patent number: 10726227Airtel Airtime & Data Bonus Code Airtel 10x bonus code. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Choose the product or airtime card you wish to purchase. Days remaining: 8. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of ackerman. You will receive a notification at the bottom of your screen if the code has worked!The codes *220*1# and *777# can be used to access data plans in Glo Yakata. Shop the latest affordable fashion for women, kids, babies and cellular deals from Ackermans; South Africa's value retailer. PEP opened its first store in 1965 in De Aar, in the Northern Cape. What is the code to buy airtime? Dial *901*amount*phone number# (for example, *901*500*08060000000#, to buy 500 naira airtime for mobile number,. The *904# is a mobile USSD code that allows you the ease of buying airtime and data directly from your bank accounts to mobile phones, at your convenience, anytime, anywhere. 3. Boost mobile free airtime codes. Can I buy Hollywood voucher with MTN airtime? The customer must have a valid Hollywoodbets account to purchase airtime. The *904# is a mobile USSD code that allows you the ease of buying airtime and data directly from your bank accounts to mobile phones, at your convenience, anytime, anywhere. Ackermans Voucher Code: Take 60% Off. Ackermans Store Locator; Pep Stores. [email protected] Ladies Thongs Take 3 For R100. New Customer Only: Save 45% Off. Buy an OTT Voucher that works just like an airtime voucher to securely pay and top up online. Some USSD Codes for loans in Nigeria are: Banks. PayJustNow offers you 3 equal interest-free instalments and gives you a rad new way to pay - today!Visit your nearest FLASH shop, PEP, Ackermans & Shoprite to buy a 1foryou token or use the new online purchase feature on the website. TCL A1 X. ) 55. Your M-Pesa should, however, be activated. Handy tips for filling out Ackermans job application online. In Nigeria, the code to load Glo card is *123*. FCMB mobile banking platform has made mobile banking easier – the mobile recharge codes above are relevant only to those that want to load money from their FCMB account. Deposits can be by cash, credit card, and debit card. Send and receive money at Ackermans stores. Nedbank: Account Name: Flash Mobile Vending Account Number: 1195253826 Branch Code: 198765 Use your Flash number as the reference number . ackermannKinematics creates a car-like vehicle model that uses Ackermann steering. Experience our new in-store virtual airtime purchase process by texting VAIR to 611611 or click here. Selected Mens Single Socks Take 3 For 2. 4 active coupon codes for Ackerman & Sons, Black Friday 2023. All Red November Deals. With the Airtel SmartRECHARGE, you’ll be given 10 times the value of your airtime recharge. 95 monthly service fee. Furniture. A physical delivery address. Only if you use Now AirTime coustomer can save $70 Off can you save a sum of money. Choose Airtime voucher as a preferred purchase. You can also use the code *310# to check your data balance. Its hardware and applications offer informal traders an affordable and safe payment system through which to do business in their communities. Re-enter the recipient’s mobile number. Confirm your M-Pesa details, i. 3 For 2 - Christmas Gift Packaging. To Recharge Airtime. Scratch the gray panel on the reverse side of the airtime voucher to reveal the voucher PIN. Each plan is available every day except the N22,000 which only works between 4 pm and 6 am on weekdays and all day on weekends. Selected Ladies Sleepwear Sets Now R120. Simply head down to an Ackerman’s store and ask for a voucher of the value you would prefer. Ackermans. Tracfone $10 Data Card with 1GB data. You just need to follow some tips to get Now AirTime coustomer can save $70 Off. Next, choose option 1, i. In the late 1920s, the mathematicians Gabriel Sudan and Wilhelm Ackermann, students of David Hilbert, were studying the foundations of computation. [email protected] Ackermans can I buy airtime online without going to the storeStraight talk airtime codes free. The xy-position is located at the middle of the rear axle. Ackermans Usave . Shoppers saved an average. The format of this string is: (3-digit Currency Code)(space)(Decimal Value) e. His vision for the store was to create a place where customers could find great products at fantastic prices, which is exactly what Ackermans became. Verified customer. Free airtime pin codes for tracphone. 1Voucher is now available at all Ackerman stores nationwide. The Airtime Recharge Code for CellC: *102*voucher-pin# CellC Airtime Share. Selected 3 Pack Panties Now R60. Recent Post by Page. Put the amount of transaction to be reversed. MTN Nigeria has introduced new recharge activation and data bundle codes to improve customer experience; Additionally, MTN hopes the codes will help reduce confusion among customers as they buy airtime or data bundles; MTN is one of Nigeria's biggest telecommunication companies and, in the first three months of 2023, reported. Some deals customers have enjoyed were: 30% off Samsung Galaxy A11 and A10e. Your card can only be used in the country where it was issued. To recharge for someone else: Dial *901*Amount*Phone Number#. When making a payment, you will need to provide your DStv Customer Number as your reference, as well as the code 11374 before your customer number. For your convenience it is recommended to send amounts in increments of R50 or rounded to the nearest R100. Check out the short video below which explains exactly how this process works. Spend, save, or send money securely from wherever you are. 1. $1. Then, you’ll receive a. Code: ALA503DL. ; NOTE: Starting from 17th May 2023, which is the deadline, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) directed mobile network operators (MNOs) to commence the. Headquarters. PayJustNow offers you 3 equal interest-free instalments and gives you a rad new way to pay - today! Flash is a technology-driven company committed to making people’s lives easier. 2. MTN Beta Talk is a prepaid tariff plan that gives you 150% extra airtime on every recharge on your line below N100. Open your phone dialer and Dial code *671# on your MTN SIM. Some websites may require you to purchase and activate a new phone, but the additional minutes are free. Double-check your data and proceed. Then click Begin editing. Learn More. Save with 11 verified Tracfone promo codes November 2023: extra 20% off unlimited plans. A Betway voucher is a prepaid voucher that works in the same way as airtime. 34 MB for social media: No expiry: 5 Cedis *138#1-1-6-2-1-1-1: 471. Here's what you'll need to seal the deal: 1. You acknowledge being at least 13 years of age. History. They give R2 airtime for any purchase worth R200. Selected Ladies Fleece Shorts Now R80. (17 votes) Very easy. To apply for a loan via USSD, you simply need to input the code into your phone and follow the prompts that pop up. Go to Betway. Voice, and Airtime… They bring great solutions through a unified API platform for software developers in Africa, building SMS, USSD. Selected Mens Single Socks Take 3 For 2. 3 /5. Flash has partnered with DStv, Ackermans, Shoe City, Refinery, Dunns, John Craig, […] Purchase vouchers to top up all your favourite accounts or as a. Details. AI is an innovative platform designed to help users enhance their coding skills through AI-generated programs. Select option 5 for airtime reversal. Go digital and save time with signNow, the best solution for electronic signatures. November 9, 2011 ·. Follow prompts on phone . The UBA USSD code to transfer money from UBA to UBA is *919*3*account number*Amount#. If you have a Mr Price Money store card dial *140# and choose the "buy airtime or data bundles" option (non-store card holders can only buy data bundles on *140#). To transfer airtime from glo to glo simply dial *131*Receiver’s phone no. Click on the voucher type and tap the button to deposit now. Buy 1Voucher. Both Sudan and Ackermann are credited with discovering total computable functions (termed simply "recursive" in some references) that are not primitive recursive. 6plus4 is a free Airtime Voucher service created for your convenience. co. $210 off the iPhone & Galaxy. Apply for your account card today online, in-store or via USSD. Then the code should go like this *131*09098765432*500*13579#. Reverse. Ackermans. pleeeeeasee emergency? 15 digit safelink pin. Airtime and Data This is a demo store. Airtime. Glo Bumpa (3X Airtime Bonus) 3. Redeem using the 1Voucher 16 digit PIN. How to say Ackermans in English? Pronunciation of Ackermans with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 meaning and more for Ackermans. MTN Nigeria has introduced new recharge activation and data bundle codes to improve customer experience; Additionally, MTN hopes the codes will help reduce confusion among customers as they buy airtime or data bundles; MTN is one of Nigeria's biggest telecommunication companies and, in the first three months of 2023, reported. Ackermans Baby Section Starting From Onky R20. Airtel Money Top Up Bonus. The recharge or subscription code for this bonus recharge code of Airtel is *241#. white paper. Besides checking your prepaid airtime balance on your phone, what else do you use USSD for? (USSD allows you to request information in short codes (starting with * and ending with #), or menus from the network via your cellphone. 4G / LTE Connectivity 5. white paper.